🌾 Winchester Bushel Agricultural Dry Standard (268.80 in³)

Kg to US Dry Gallons Calculator

Q: How does a US dry gallon compare to a US liquid gallon?

1 US dry gallon (4.40488 L) equals approximately 1.16365 US liquid gallons (making the dry gallon approximately 16.365% larger ). Conversely, 1 US liquid gallon equals 0.85937 US dry gallons .

Q: Why must bulk density be used instead of solid density for dry goods?

Dry ingredients (such as poured all-purpose flour, white rice, or granulated sugar) contain substantial inter-particle air space (porosity) when poured into a container. For example, solid sucrose crystals have a true density of 1.587 kg/L, but poured granulated sugar has an effective bulk density of only 0.850 kg/L . Using true solid density would cause massive volumetric errors.

Q: How many dry quarts and dry pints are in a US dry gallon?

A US dry gallon subdivides exactly into 4 dry quarts (each 67.2006 in³ / 1.10122 L) or 8 dry pints (each 33.6003 in³ / 0.55061 L). In agricultural trade, 2 dry gallons equal 1 peck, and 8 dry gallons equal 1 Winchester bushel.

Convert metric mass in kilograms of dry agricultural commodities and bulk goods into US dry gallons (4.40488 L / 1/8th bushel) using verified bulk poured densities.

Commodity Presets:

Dry Basis 1 Dry Gallon = 268.8025 in³ = 4.40488377 Liters = 1/8 Bushel

Switch to Liquid Gallons (3.785 L)

Bulk Mass in Kilograms

Quick:

Dry Agricultural Commodity

US Dry Volume Result All-Purpose Flour

4.283 Dry Gallons

10 kg of All-Purpose Flour occupies 4.283 US Dry Gallons (0.535 Bushels / 18.868 Liters).

Winchester Bushels 0.535 bu

Agricultural Pecks 2.142 pk

Dry Quarts 17.13 qt

Dry Pints 34.26 pt

Dry Hopper (268.8 in³) 4.28 Dry Gal

4.283 Dry Gal

Equivalent Liters: 18.868 Liters

Bulk Density Used: 0.5300 kg/L

Live Formula:


US Dry Gallons = 10 kg ÷ (0.5300 kg/L × 4.40488377) = 4.28340 US dry gal

Interactive Bulk Porosity & Compaction Simulator

Poured granular commodities contain significant void air spaces between particles. Adjust the compaction slider below to see how tapping or settling reduces volume without changing the material's mass.

Compaction State (Loose Poured → Tapped / Settled)

+0% Settled

Compaction Principle:

Loose Poured: ~45% Void Air Space

Apparent Bulk Density

0.530 kg/L

Increases as air is expelled

10 kg Dry Gallon Volume

4.283 dry gal

Shrinks with compaction

Effective Mass Maintained

10.000 kg

Mass is completely invariant

Winchester Bushel Hierarchy Standards

In agricultural commodity commerce, volumes are traded using the Winchester dry bushel (defined in 1696 as a cylindrical measure 18.5 inches in diameter and 8 inches deep = 2,150.42 cubic inches).

1 Winchester Bushel

8 Dry Gallons

2,150.42 in³ (35.239 L)

1 Agricultural Peck

2 Dry Gallons

537.605 in³ (8.810 L)

1 US Dry Gallon

4 Dry Quarts

268.8025 in³ (4.405 L)

1 Dry Quart

2 Dry Pints

67.2006 in³ (1.101 L)

🌾 USDA FGIA Commercial Grain Standards

Agricultural Grain Moisture Shrinkage & Bushel Yield Calculator

When harvesting wet grain, moisture must be dried down to commercial market baselines (e.g. 14.5% for corn/wheat). Calculate moisture weight loss, dry matter mass, and final volume yield in US Dry Gallons and Winchester Bushels.

Harvest Mass (kg):

Grain Crop & Test Weight:

Harvest Moisture (%):

Target Safe Moisture (%):

Final Dried Mass

4,537.6 kg

-9.25% water weight loss

Final Volume in US Dry Gallons

1,337.8 Dry Gal

5,892.9 Liters

Winchester Bushels Yield

167.2 Bushels

1 bu = 8 Dry Gallons

Evaporated Water Weight

462.4 kg

1,019.4 lbs water vapor

🌱 Landscaping & Aggregate Logistics

Bulk Soil, Compost & Mulch Landscaping Volume Estimator

Bulk aggregate and gardening products are delivered by weight (metric tons / kg) but applied by volume (cubic yards / dry gallons / coverage depth). Convert mass to cubic yardage and square footage coverage.

Material Mass (kg):

Material Type & Bulk Density:

Target Spreading Depth:

Total US Dry Gallons

349.26 Dry Gal

1,538.5 Liters bulk

Volume in Cubic Yards

2.01 yd³

54.33 cu ft

Surface Area Coverage

217.3 sq ft

At selected 3" layer depth

Equivalent Retail Bags

27.2 Bags

Standard 2-cu-ft bags

Agricultural Dry Volume & Winchester Bushel Engineering Guide

Understanding the physics of granular bulk density, compaction settling, and official commodity standards.

🌾 1. The Winchester Bushel (2,150.42 cu in)

The US Dry Gallon is defined strictly as one-eighth of a Winchester Bushel. Established under King William III in 1696, the Winchester standard was constructed as a round cylinder 18.5 inches inside diameter and 8 inches deep:

• V(Bushel) = π × (9.25)² × 8 = 2,150.4201 cu in

• V(Dry Gallon) = 2,150.4201 / 8 = 268.8025 cu in = 4.40488 Liters

This makes the US dry gallon approximately 16.36% larger than the US liquid gallon (231 cu in).

🔬 2. Bulk Porosity & Granular Voids

Unlike liquids which are continuous and incompressible, bulk dry materials (grain, flour, seeds, sand) contain interstitial air voids. The true solid density of wheat grain kernel is approximately 1.40 kg/L, but because loose packed wheat has an interstitial void ratio of 45%, its bulk density is only 0.770 kg/L.

When grain is vibrated or loaded in tall silos, hydrostatic overburden pressure causes compaction, reducing void volume by 5–12% and increasing bulk density.

Agricultural Commodities Mass to Dry Gallon Reference Matrix

Volume yield in US Dry Gallons (268.8025 cu in) across USDA standard test weights at 14% moisture.

Commodity	Bulk Density (kg/L)	10 kg	50 kg	100 kg	500 kg	1,000 kg (1 MT)	Bushels / MT
🌾 Hard Red Winter Wheat	0.7720	2.9408	14.704	29.408	147.04	294.08 Dry Gal	36.76 bu
🌽 Shelled Yellow Corn	0.7210	3.1488	15.744	31.488	157.44	314.88 Dry Gal	39.36 bu
🌱 Yellow Soybeans	0.7720	2.9408	14.704	29.408	147.04	294.08 Dry Gal	36.76 bu
🥣 Milled Long Grain Rice	0.8500	2.6708	13.354	26.708	133.54	267.08 Dry Gal	33.39 bu
🍞 All-Purpose Baking Flour	0.5280	4.3000	21.500	43.000	215.00	430.00 Dry Gal	53.75 bu

📏 Legal Definitions

Comparing the 3 Gallon Standards

Never assume all gallons are identical. Here is how the world's legal gallon standards compare:

🧪 Interactive Vessel Comparison

Pour Simulation: Comparing 10 Liters Across the 3 Containers

Pour Volume: 10.0 Liters

Standard 1

US Liquid Gallon

2.64 gal

3.78541 Liters per Gal

USA fuels, milk, water standard

Standard 2 (+16.4%)

US Dry Gallon

2.27 dry gal

4.40488 Liters per Gal

1/8th Winchester bushel

Standard 3 (+20.1%)

Imperial UK Gallon

2.20 imp gal

4.54609 Liters per Gal

UK Weights & Measures definition

DEFAULT

US Liquid Gallon

Standard US fluid volume unit

Metric:3.785411784 L
Cubic Inches:231.0 in³
Fluid Ounces:128 fl oz
Weight of Water:8.34 lbs (3.785 kg)

Imperial / UK Gallon

United Kingdom, Canada & Commonwealth

Metric:4.546090 L
Cubic Inches:277.419 in³
Fluid Ounces:160 Imp fl oz
Ratio to US Gal:1.20095 × US Gal

US Dry Gallon

Agricultural commodities (1/8 Winchester Bushel)

Metric:4.40488377 L
Cubic Inches:268.8025 in³
Application:Dry grains, fruit
Ratio to US Gal:1.16365 × US Gal

Comprehensive Reference

Kg to Gallons Conversion Chart

Searchable reference table for standard weights from 0.5 kg to 1000 kg.

Max Weight Filter: Up to 1,000 kg

32 benchmark rows

Weight (Kilograms)	US Liquid Gallons	Imperial (UK) Gallons	US Dry Gallons	Liters	Quick Load

Showing 32 standard benchmark rows Values computed live at standard 20°C density

Answers & Clarity

Frequently Asked Questions

Direct answers to the most common mass-to-volume conversion queries.

What is the legal definition of a US Dry Gallon?

A US dry gallon is a statutory volumetric unit defined as exactly 1/8th of a Winchester bushel, equal to 268.8025 cubic inches or 4.40488377 Liters. It is strictly used in US agricultural trade and commodity handling for dry goods (such as grains, flour, berries, and seeds), never for liquids.

How does a US dry gallon compare to a US liquid gallon?

Why must bulk density be used instead of solid density for dry goods?

How many dry quarts and dry pints are in a US dry gallon?